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Thoracentesis is the removal of fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall called the pleural space. Accumulation of too much fluid in the pleural space increases the pressure in that space and makes it difficult to breathe. Removing the fluid reduces the pressure and eases breathing. Abnormal fluid in this space can be a result of disease, such as infection, cancer, blood, or lymph disorders. Analysis of fluid samples helps identify the cause.
The procedure does not require hospitalization. A chest x-ray, or ultrasound, is performed first. This identifies the location and the amount of accumulated fluid. During the procedure, the patient usually sits upright with the feet and arms supported. The doctor injects the insertion site with a local painkiller before inserting a needle between the ribs to draw out the fluid. The collected fluid is sent to the laboratory for evaluation to help the doctor diagnose why the fluid had accumulated in the pleural space. This is a fairly safe procedure. However, it is important not to cough, breathe deeply, or move suddenly while the doctor inserts the needle. Sometimes during needle insertion a lung sustains a small puncture. This will cause the lung to collapse a little, which may require treatment. After the procedure, the patient should lie still for about an hour. The patient should notify the doctor right away if breathing becomes difficult or pain develops after the test. Article #4948 Copyright (c) 2002 McKesson. All Rights Reserved. |
