Colds and influenza are probably the most common respiratory infections known to humans. People have been looking for cures for the common cold for over 3,000 years. There are probably as many household treatments for colds and influenza as there are viruses that cause these infections. However, there is as yet no cure for the common cold.
One or several types of over 100 viruses can cause the common cold. The cold viruses usually affect the nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs. These viruses are very contagious. They can be spread by moisture released during sneezing, coughing, or talking. In the case of children, hand to mouth contact during play can spread the virus.
SELF-CARE FOR THE COMMON COLD:
- drink lots of fluids, especially water and fruit juice
- use cough syrup or lozenges to ease a sore throat
- use over-the-counter medications, such as paracetamol, for headaches or fever and
- use a vapouriser or mentholated ointment to reduce congestion
Influenza is also very contagious. It is transmitted very much like a cold. In addition, the flu can be spread by direct hand contact. Although the flu is usually considered to be a respiratory infection, it can affect the entire body. Symptoms of the flu include fever and chills, fatigue, aching of the head and muscles, loss of appetite, and possibly, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat.
Receiving the influenza vaccine every year can reduce the risk and severity of the flu. These vaccines are usually available in early autumn each year. High-risk individuals (such as those with diabetes, heart, kidney, or chronic lung conditions, anaemia, altered immune systems, and the elderly) are especially susceptible to the flu. They are encouraged to have the flu vaccine every year.
Colds and flu are more common during the autumn and winter months. In the past, some people believed that cold weather, going outdoors with wet hair, or not being dressed warmly caused these respiratory illnesses. We now know that these illnesses are more likely to occur during these seasons because more people are indoors. This increases the chance of person to person spread of a cold or influenza virus.
If you experience frequent respiratory infections, or believe you are in a high-risk group and might need some protection from influenza, contact your doctor to arrange for an influenza vaccine around March or April .
Article #4944
Copyright (c) 2002 McKesson. All Rights Reserved.
