Tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men are considered the most reliable and permanent forms of birth control. Each requires minor surgery. Once the procedure is done, the person, for the most part, does not need to worry about getting pregnant or causing a pregnancy. Pregnancy after a vasectomy or tubal ligation is possible, but is very rare.

Oral contraceptive pills are very effective when taken as ordered. A pill is taken once a day at the same time. Most people have no side effects from the pill, other than lighter and less painful periods. A doctor will help find the right pill for you.

Progesterone-based methods use hormonal implants. They are administered by injection every three months or by implant (Implanon) every year and therefore do not require daily reminders. A consultation with a doctor is required. There may be more side effects.

Careful review and evaluation with your doctor is needed before starting either of these methods.

IUCDs, also called intrauterine contraceptive devices, are slightly less effective. They are inserted by a doctor and last three to five years. IUCDs are safest only in women with low risk sex, such as women with only one partner.

Barrier methods include diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms for both men and women. These have the fewest side effects, but are also the least reliable. The diaphragm and cap need to be fitted by a doctor. Barrier methods, especially the condom, offer the added advantage of enhanced protection against sexually transmitted diseases.

Natural birth control methods are 80 percent effective and reliable when used regularly. There are books that teach how to effectively use this method but a discussion with your GP or a family planning doctor might be helpful.

For more information about contraception, contact your doctor, or your local Family Planning Clinic.

Article #4533

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