Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Infectious or toxic substances cause hepatitis. The most common causes are the several different hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis can also be caused by alcohol and drugs, as well as some bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Hepatitis A is caused by a virus and spreads by contact with faecal material. This can happen by eating food that someone who is infected with hepatitis has been handling or by drinking water or milk that has been contaminated with sewage.
Hepatitis B is also caused by a virus. It is carried in infected body fluids such as blood, semen, or saliva and is usually spread through infected needles or sexual contact.
Hepatitis C is usually spread by blood transfusions with infected blood.
Hepatitis D is transmitted by blood and only affects people who have Hepatitis B.
Type E is similar to type A and is passed along by contaminated food or water.
Although different types of hepatitis are spread in different ways, the best way to avoid getting hepatitis is through cleanliness. Always wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom or changing a diaper. Always wash all fruits and vegetables, especially if they come from a foreign country. It is also important to be careful around items such as razors or needles that have been exposed to body fluids.
Treatment depends upon the cause. Bacterial hepatitis is treated with antibiotics. Treatment options for viral hepatitis depend on the type of viral hepatitis contracted and the clinical circumstances. Removing the toxins treats drug, alcohol, and toxic chemical hepatitis. Bed rest and small high kilojoule protein meals are effective for all types of hepatitis.
Vaccines are available to prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for those going to areas of high risk. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for:
- healthcare workers
- prison employees
- homeless shelter volunteers and employees
- children and
- others who are at high risk of exposure
